Exam ISACA CISA Cram & Free CISA Pdf Guide
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ISACA CISA Exam Syllabus Topics:
Topic
Details
Weights
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AUDITING PROCESS
- Providing audit services in accordance with standards to assist organizations in protecting and controlling information systems. Domain 1 affirms your credibility to offer conclusions on the state of an organization’s IS/IT security, risk and control solutions.
A. Planning
B. Execution
21%
INFORMATION SYSTEMS OPERATIONS AND BUSINESS RESILIENCE
- Domains 3 and 4 offer proof not only of your competency in IT controls, but also your understanding of how IT relates to business.
A. Information Systems Operations
B. Business Resilience
23%
Governance and Management of IT
- Domain 2 confirms to stakeholders your abilities to identify critical issues and recommend enterprise-specific practices to support and safeguard the governance of information and related technologies.
A. IT Governance
B. IT Management
17%
Free ISACA CISA Pdf Guide, CISA Valid Test Practice
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ISACA Certified Information Systems Auditor Sample Questions (Q1287-Q1292):
NEW QUESTION # 1287
In which of the following RFID risks competitor potentially could gain unauthorized access to RFID-
generated information and use it to harm the interests of the organization implementing the RFID system?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Section: Information System Operations, Maintenance and Support
Explanation/Reference:
An adversary or competitor potentially could gain unauthorized access to RFID-generated information and
use it to harm the interests of the organization implementing the RFID system.
RFID is a powerful technology, in part, because it supports wireless remote access to information about
assets and people that either previously did not exist or was difficult to create or dynamically maintain.
While this wireless remote access is a significant benefit, it also creates a risk that unauthorized parties
could also have similar access to that information if proper controls are not in place. This risk is distinct
from the business process risk because it can be realized even when business processes are functioning
as intended.
A competitor or adversary can gain information from the RFID system in a number of ways, including
eavesdropping on RF links between readers and tags, performing independent queries on tags to obtain
relevant data, and obtaining unauthorized access to a back-end database storing information about tagged
items. Supply chain applications may be particularly vulnerable to this risk because a variety of external
entities may have read access to the tags or related databases.
The risk of unauthorized access is realized when the entity engaging in the unauthorized behavior does
something harmful with that information. In some cases, the information may trigger an immediate
response. For example, someone might use a reader to determine whether a shipping container holds
expensive electronic equipment, and then break into the container when it gets a positive reading. This
scenario is an example of targeting. In other cases, data might also be aggregated over time to provide
intelligence regarding an organization's operations, business strategy, or proprietary methods.
For instance, an organization could monitor the number of tags entering a facility to provide a reasonable
indication of its business growth or operating practices. In this case, if someone determined that a
warehouse recently received a number of very large orders, then that might trigger an action in financial
markets or prompt a competitor to change its prices or production schedule.
For your exam you should know the information below:
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the wireless non-contact use of radio-frequency electromagnetic
fields to transfer data, for the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects.
The tags contain electronically stored information. Some tags are powered by and read at short ranges (a
few meters) via magnetic fields (electromagnetic induction). Others use a local power source such as a
battery, or else have no battery but collect energy from the interrogating EM field, and then act as a passive
transponder to emit microwaves or UHF radio waves (i.e., electromagnetic radiation at high frequencies).
Battery powered tags may operate at hundreds of meters. Unlike a barcode, the tag does not necessarily
need to be within line of sight of the reader, and may be embedded in the tracked object.
RFID tags are used in many industries. An RFID tag attached to an automobile during production can be
used to track its progress through the assembly line. Pharmaceuticals can be tracked through warehouses.
Livestock and pets may have tags injected, allowing positive identification of the animal.
RFID RISKS
RFID technology enables an organization to significantly change its business processes to:
Increase its efficiency, which results in lower costs, Increase its effectiveness, which improves mission
performance and makes the implementing organization more resilient and better able to assign
accountability, and Respond to customer requirements to use RFID technology to support supply chains
and other applications.
The RFID technology itself is complex, combining a number of different computing and communications
technologies to achieve the desired objectives. Unfortunately, both change and complexity generate risk.
For RFID implementations to be successful, organizations need to effectively manage that risk, which
requires an understanding of its sources and its potential characteristics. This section reviews the major
high-level business risks associated with RFID systems so that organizations planning or operating these
systems can better identify, characterize, and manage the risk in their environments.
The risks are as follows:
Business Process Risk -Direct attacks on RFID system components potentially could undermine the
business processes the RFID system was designed to enable.
Business Intelligence Risk- An adversary or competitor potentially could gain unauthorized access to RFID-
generated information and use it to harm the interests of the organization implementing the RFID system.
Privacy Risk - Personal privacy rights or expectations may be compromised if an RFID system uses what is
considered personally identifiable information for a purpose other than originally intended or understood.
The personal possession of functioning tags also is a privacy risk because it could enable tracking of those
holding tagged items.
Externality Risk -RFID technology potentially could represent a threat to non-RFID networked or collocated
systems, assets, and people.
An important characteristic of RFID that impacts all of these risks is that RF communication is invisible to
operators and users.
The following answers are incorrect:
Business Process Risk -Direct attacks on RFID system components potentially could undermine the
business processes the RFID system was designed to enable.
Externality Risk -RFID technology potentially could represent a threat to non-RFID networked or collocated
systems, assets, and people.
Privacy Risk - Personal privacy rights or expectations may be compromised if an RFID system uses what
is considered personally identifiable information for a purpose other than originally intended or understood.
The personal possession of functioning tags also is a privacy risk because it could enable tracking of those
holding tagged items.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 page number 248
NEW QUESTION # 1288
An organization is developing a web portal using some external components. Which of the following should be of MOST concern to an IS auditor?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 1289
In which of the following database model is the data organized into a tree-like structure, implying a single parent for each record?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section: Information System Operations, Maintenance and Support
Explanation:
In a hierarchical model, data is organized into a tree-like structure, implying a single parent for each record.
A sort field keeps sibling records in a particular order.
For your exam you should know below information about database models:
A database model is a type of data model that determines the logical structure of a database and fundamentally determines in which manner data can be stored, organized, and manipulated. The most popular example of a database model is the relational model, which uses a table-based format.
Common logical data models for databases include:
Hierarchical database model
Network model
Relational model
Object-relational database models
Hierarchical database model
In a hierarchical model, data is organized into a tree-like structure, implying a single parent for each record.
A sort field keeps sibling records in a particular order. Hierarchical structures were widely used in the early mainframe database management systems, such as the Information Management System (IMS) by IBM, and now describe the structure of XML documents. This structure allows one one-to-many relationship between two types of data. This structure is very efficient to describe many relationships in the real world; recipes, table of contents, ordering of paragraphs/verses, any nested and sorted information.
This hierarchy is used as the physical order of records in storage. Record access is done by navigating through the data structure using pointers combined with sequential accessing. Because of this, the hierarchical structure is inefficient for certain database operations when a full path (as opposed to upward link and sort field) is not also included for each record. Such limitations have been compensated for in later IMS versions by additional logical hierarchies imposed on the base physical hierarchy.
Hierarchical database model
Network database model
The network model expands upon the hierarchical structure, allowing many-to-many relationships in a tree-like structure that allows multiple parents. It was the most popular before being replaced by the relational model, and is defined by the CODASYL specification.
The network model organizes data using two fundamental concepts, called records and sets. Records contain fields (which may be organized hierarchically, as in the programming language COBOL). Sets (not to be confused with mathematical sets) define one-to-many[disambiguation needed] relationships between records: one owner, many members. A record may be an owner in any number of sets, and a member in any number of sets.
A set consists of circular linked lists where one record type, the set owner or parent, appears once in each circle, and a second record type, the subordinate or child, may appear multiple times in each circle. In this way a hierarchy may be established between any two record types, e.g., type A is the owner of B. At the same time another set may be defined where B is the owner of A. Thus all the sets comprise a general directed graph (ownership defines a direction), or network construct. Access to records is either sequential (usually in each record type) or by navigation in the circular linked lists.
The network model is able to represent redundancy in data more efficiently than in the hierarchical model, and there can be more than one path from an ancestor node to a descendant. The operations of the network model are navigational in style: a program maintains a current position, and navigates from one record to another by following the relationships in which the record participates. Records can also be located by supplying key values.
Network Database model
Relational database model
In the relational model of a database, all data is represented in terms of tulles, grouped into relations. A database organized in terms of the relational model is a relational database.
In the relational model, related records are linked together with a "key".
The purpose of the relational model is to provide a declarative method for specifying data and queries:
users directly state what information the database contains and what information they want from it, and let the database management system software take care of describing data structures for storing the data and retrieval procedures for answering queries.
Most relational databases use the SQL data definition and query language; these systems implement what can be regarded as an engineering approximation to the relational model. A table in an SQL database schema corresponds to a predicate variable; the contents of a table to a relation; key constraints, other constraints, and SQL queries correspond to predicates. However, SQL databases, including DB2, deviate from the relational model in many details, and Cod fiercely argued against deviations that compromise the original principles.
Relational database model
Object-relational database Model
An object-relational database (ORD), or object-relational database management system (ORDBMS), is a database management system (DBMS) similar to a relational database, but with an object-oriented database model: objects, classes and inheritance are directly supported in database schemas and in the query language. In addition, just as with pure relational systems, it supports extension of the data model with custom data-types and methods.
Example of an object-oriented database model
An object-relational database can be said to provide a middle ground between relational databases and object-oriented databases (OODBMS). In object-relational databases, the approach is essentially that of relational databases: the data resides in the database and is manipulated collectively with queries in a query language; at the other extreme are OODBMSes in which the database is essentially a persistent object store for software written in an object-oriented programming language, with a programming API for storing and retrieving objects, and little or no specific support for querying.
The following were incorrect answers:
Network model-The network model expands upon the hierarchical structure, allowing many-to-many relationships in a tree-like structure that allows multiple parents.
Relational model- In the relational model of a database, all data is represented in terms of tulles, grouped into relations. A database organized in terms of the relational model is a relational database. In the relational model, related records are linked together with a "key".
Object-relational database models- An object-relational database can be said to provide a middle ground between relational databases and object-oriented databases (OODBMS). In object-relational databases, the approach is essentially that of relational databases: the data resides in the database and is manipulated collectively with queries in a query language; at the other extreme are OODBMSes in which the database is essentially a persistent object store for software written in an object-oriented programming language, with a programming API for storing and retrieving objects, and little or no specific support for querying.
Reference:
CISA review manual 2014 Page number 254
NEW QUESTION # 1290
Prior to the migration of acquired software into production, it is MOST important that the IS auditor review the:
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 1291
An organization has recently implemented a Voice-over IP (VoIP) communication system. Which of the following should be the IS auditor's PRIMARY concern?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 1292
......
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